Primary visual cortex (Functional name)
Striate cortex (Cytoarchitectonic name)
Calcarine cortex (Topographic name)
Area 17 (Brodman's parcellation)
or
Primary auditory cortex (Functional name)
Heschl gyrus (After the neuroscientist)
Area 41-42 (Brodman's parcellation)
Parcellation of the cortex by Brodman
Bradman's areas are cytoarchitectonic (microscopic) based, but functionally usable.
There are interindividual variances regarding these areas.
From a behavioral point of view, cerebral cortex can be divided into four;
1-Primary sensory cortex
2-Primary motor cortex
3-Association areas
4-Limbic-paralimbic cortex
3 and 4 are the most related areas of behaviour.
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Here starts with internal milieu and ends with extrapersonal space
INTERNAL MILIEU
1-
Corticoid (cortexlike structures)
Simplest and differentiated type of cortex:
basal forebrain structures (ventral and medial surfaces);
~Septal nuclei
~Substantia Innominata
~Amygdaloid complex
2-
Allocortex
moderately differentiated layers.
~Archicortex: Hippocampus
~Paleocortex: Piriform cortex (primary olfactory cortex)
CORTICOID + ALLOCORTEX = LIMBIC ZONE OF CORTEX
3- Paralimbic zone (mesocortex)
Intercalated between isocortex and allocortex (transitional zone)
Periallocortical structures of the paralimbic areas.
Five major paralimbic formations:
-caudal orbitofrontal cortex
-insula
-temporal pole
-parahippocampal gyrus (entorhinal etc.)
-cingulate complex
Directing drive and emotion to the appropriate extrapersonal and intrapsychic targets
Paralimbic cortex acts as a relay between sensory association cortices and the limbic zone of the cortex
------------ --------- --------- --------- ---------
Here is the neural bridges that link the
internal milieu (inner world) and
extrapersonal space (outer world),
enabling the individual's need to be dyscharged
according to the limitations of the environment.
Integration of multimodal knowledge (heteromodal)
with drive and emotion (paralimbic)
------------ --------- --------- --------- ---------
4-Heteromodal association cortex
Perceptual elaboration and motor planning
Receives convergent input from multiple unimodal areas especially downstream
unimodal areas
5-Unimodal association cortex
Modality spesific elaboration and encoding of sensory input.
Peristriate region (18, 19) upstream unimodal association area
Inferotemporal cortex (20, 21) : downstream unimodal association area
6-Primary sensory and motor cortices
idiotypic, homogenos, and dedicated
EXTRAPERSONAL SPACE
Ahmet Corak, M.D., PhD.
adapted from
Mesulam M. Anatomic Principles in Cognitive Neuroscience.
In: Farah MJ, Feinberg TE.
Patient-based approaches to cognitive neuroscience
The MIT Press, 2000
